Predictors of successful long-term weight loss maintenance: a two-year follow-up

BACKGROUND Weight regain is a common problem following weight loss intervention, with most people who seek treatment for obesity able to lose weight, but few able to sustain the changes in behavior required to prevent subsequent weight regain. The identification of factors that predict which patients will successfully maintain weight loss or who are at risk of weight regain after weight loss intervention is necessary to improve the current weight maintenance strategies. The aim of the present study is identify factors associated with successful weight loss maintenance by women with overweight or obesity who completed group cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight loss. METHODS Ninety women with overweight or obesity completed a 7-month weight loss intervention. The data of 86 who completed follow-up surveys 12 and 24 months after the end of the treatment was analyzed. Depression, anxiety, binge eating, food addiction, and eating behaviors were assessed before and after the weight loss intervention. Participants who lost at least 10% of their initial weight during the weight loss intervention and had maintained the loss at the month 24 follow-up were defined as successful. RESULTS The intervention was successful for 27 participants (31.3%) and unsuccessful for 59 (68.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis extracted larger weight reduction during the weight loss intervention, a lower disinhibition score, and a low food addiction score at the end of the weight loss intervention as associated with successful weight loss maintenance. CONCLUSION The results suggest that larger weight reduction during the weight loss intervention and lower levels of disinhibition and food addiction at the end of the weight loss intervention predicted successful weight loss maintenance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registry name: Development and validation of effective treatments of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance using cognitive behavioral therapy for obese patients. Registration ID: UMIN000006803 Registered 1 January 2012. URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000008052.